Frameworks for Causal Inference in Epidemiology
نویسنده
چکیده
[In St. Louis, in 1883, the population density of 9.8 persons to the acre] is indeed a low density compared with that of most metropolitan cities: that of London, for instance, is given at 52.5 to the acre in 1883. And yet we find the annual rate of mortality per thousand in London in 1883 to have been but 20.4, while that of St. Louis was 21.35. With such a variance existing in the relative densities, it must needs force itself upon our conviction that inherent faults in our sanitation must be the cause.
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